Asthma inhalers: types, how to use them, and simple tips

Confused about inhalers? You're not alone. Asthma inhalers are the fastest way to get medicine into your lungs, but only if you use them right. This page gives clear, practical tips on types of inhalers, how to handle them, and how to pick the best one for your needs.

Which inhaler is which

There are two main categories: rescue (quick-relief) and controller (long-term). Rescue inhalers usually contain short-acting bronchodilators like albuterol. Use these during sudden wheeze, tight chest, or breathlessness. Controller inhalers contain steroids or long-acting bronchodilators and are taken daily to reduce inflammation and prevent attacks. Your doctor may combine both types depending on how often symptoms happen.

Inhaler devices also differ. Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) spray medicine and often need a slow, steady breath. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) release medicine when you inhale hard. Soft mist inhalers produce a slow cloud that's easier to inhale. Each device needs a slightly different technique — ask for a demonstration every visit.

How to use an inhaler correctly

For MDIs: shake the can, breathe out, place the mouthpiece in your mouth, press and inhale slowly, hold your breath 5–10 seconds, then breathe out slowly. If you need a second puff, wait 20–30 seconds and repeat. For DPIs: load the dose if needed, breathe out away from the device, seal lips around the mouthpiece and inhale quickly and deeply, then hold your breath. Read the leaflet — some devices require a different rhythm.

Use a spacer with MDIs if you find timing difficult. A spacer holds the spray so you can inhale more easily and reduces side effects like sore throat or oral thrush from steroids. Rinse your mouth after using steroid inhalers to lower the risk of thrush.

Check your inhaler regularly: note expiry dates, keep them away from heat, and clean mouthpieces as the manufacturer advises. Carry your rescue inhaler at all times and keep a spare at home. If your inhaler requires a prescription, never switch brands without asking your clinician — doses and delivery can change.

Watch for warning signs: more frequent use of a rescue inhaler, waking with symptoms, or needing more puffs than usual means your asthma may be uncontrolled. Contact your healthcare provider to review your plan. Emergency signs include trouble speaking, blue lips, severe breathlessness — get urgent help.

If technique feels awkward, ask your pharmacist or nurse to show you how. They can watch you use it and give quick fixes. Small changes in technique can lead to big improvements in breathing and fewer attacks.

Want device comparisons, tips for travel, or reviews of brands? Check related posts on this tag for practical guides and honest advice to help you manage asthma day-to-day.